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Europe/Germany : For people who do not know German

 

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gerom

16 Jan 2020
08:56:00am
I found this site with translate of philatelic terms

https://austrianphilately.com/german.htm


Mod. Fixed link.

(Modified by Moderator on 2020-01-20 06:36:07)
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tooler
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16 Jan 2020
11:00:34am
re: For people who do not know German

Very nice. This will be very helpful to me, thanks for posting.

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HockeyNut
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20 Jan 2020
06:30:52am
re: For people who do not know German

Well I have the MICHEL introduction_english.PDF but How can I post this here?

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angore
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Collector, Moderator

20 Jan 2020
06:37:02am
re: For people who do not know German

To post something from a PDF you can convert the PDF page to a jpg image then post subject to the usual SOR image size restrictions.

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Jansimon
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20 Jan 2020
06:39:01am

Auctions - Approvals
re: For people who do not know German

The Michel introduction is a free download from the Michel website. So there is no need to post it here, just follow this link.

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www.pagowirense.nl/stamps/
gerom

20 Jan 2020
07:04:02am
re: For people who do not know German

Hello HockeyNut
I found to download free this introduction in English and French.
The translation is much simplified especially in the Chapter on Printing Methods.
It would be very helpful if you could translate the description of these printing methods (recognition elements are described as well) which in English / French variants do not appear.

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HockeyNut
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21 Jan 2020
03:19:05am
re: For people who do not know German

Hello Gerom,

I have tried to translate that piece from the MICHEL catalog.
I'm not an expert in the printing processes so maybe it has some flaws in the translation.
But I DO NOT have the little pictures that are shown in the catalog.

See the next post of the translating.

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HockeyNut
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21 Jan 2020
03:20:53am
re: For people who do not know German

Printing process
Basically there are these differentiates: Letterpress (letterpress, flexographic printing, embossing), indirect letterpress (letterset), planographic printing (lithography, offset, collotype), gravure printing (intaglio, screen gravure) and screen printing.
Combinations of two different printing processes are relatively common.



Letterpress Letterset


High pressure

Letterpress (abbreviated Bdr.)
The letterpress form has raised (the printing) and lower (non-printing) parts. The raised printing elements are uniformly inked and then pressed against the paper with relatively high pressure. This results in the following distinguishing features:
Pinched edges on lettering and lines
Coloured areas appear restlessly under the magnifying glass mostly slight embossing visible on the back

Embossed printing (abbreviated to Prägedr. Or Pdr.)
For the brand image to be produced, two matching printing forms are produced, one with the embossed image raised, the other with a recessed image. During the printing process, the paper lies between the two forms, which are pressed against each other with high pressure and thus transfer the embossing onto the paper.
Embossing almost always occurs in combination with other printing processes. Recognition feature: positive relief on the front side, negative relief on the back side.


Indirect high pressure

Letterset (abbreviated Ldr.)
Indirect letterpress printing is also called letterset or dry offset. The difference to conventional letterpress is that here the printing is not done directly from the printing plate onto the paper. The letterpress plate prints on a cylinder covered with a rubber blanket. From there the print motif is transferred to the paper. The typeface of the printing plate must be correct. This transfer process is also common in offset printing. Distinguishing features:
as with offset printing.

Planographic printing
In planographic printing, printing and non-printing areas are almost on the same level. The printing areas are prepared in such a way that they repel water and thus absorb the greasy printing ink, while the non-printing areas are water-friendly and repel ink. This contrast between grease and water is the basis for the printing process. The more it is possible to increase this contrast, the easier and better the subsequent printing process will be.

Light printing (abbreviated as Lichtdr.)
In collotype printing (also photo-typical), the printing plate consists of a glass plate coated with a gelatine chrome layer, which is exposed with a half-tone negative (on the correct side). The gelatine is hardened to varying degrees according to the tonal values and then moistened, forming a relief on the plate. The unexposed areas repel the printing ink, exposed areas accept it.
A characteristic feature of collotype printing is the so-called "light effect" that can be seen under a magnifying glass. Wrinkled grain, which replaces the screen, produces a blurred image when enlarged.
Light printing Lithography Offset printing


Offset printing (abbreviated Odr.)
Flexible metal plates are used as printing carriers, which are clamped around the impression cylinders. Printing is carried out on the paper via blanket cylinders. Offset printing is therefore an indirect printing process, the drawing on the plate must be correct.
Halftones must be screened. The screen simulates different tonal values by using dots of different sizes. Bright image areas (light tonal values) are formed by small dots, dark ones by large ones.
Since the offset process does not place great demands on paper quality and allows very fast processing, it has replaced letterpress for mass runs, especially in multicolor printing. Distinguishing features:
Evenly inked colored areas
clean, not frayed, not bruised edges
no embossing visible on the reverse side
halftone gradation
Screen dots of different sizes but with the same colour intensity



COMB. STTdr. and RATDR. KOMB. STTDR. and ODR.

Intaglio
In gravure printing, the printing ink is transferred to the deeper parts of the image via inking rollers, whereby the ink adhering to the surface of the cylinder is removed by a wiping device (doctor blade). The paper web takes over the ink from the recesses of the printing cylinder.




Intaglio Intaglio halftone printing


Intaglio printing (abbreviated StTdr.)
In copperplate engraving - the oldest technique of intaglio printing - the drawing is engraved into a copper plate with a graver, in steelplate engraving into a steel plate.
After hardening the plate, the recessed mark is transferred to a piece of round steel (molette). The stamp image is then embossed in relief. The hardened molette is transferred to the impression cylinder, which is coated with a (soft) copper layer and hardened by chrome plating. The image appears recessed and reversed on the impression cylinder.
During the printing process, the viscous ink is absorbed by the pressed-on damp absorbent paper and dries slightly raised. The contraction of the drying paper often results in measurable differences in size of the brand image.
The scraping technique - called mezzotint - makes use of the engraving steel and additionally makes small depressions in the plate; this was the first technique with half-tone reproduction.
Intaglio is the preferred technique for brand images that require particularly careful finishing of every detail of the image; because of its cost, it is usually used for the higher denominations, but it also offers the greatest possible protection against forgery to the detriment of the postal service. The distinguishing features are:
Colour application as relief noticeable
Drawing consists of fine lines and points Colour areas are achieved by closely spaced and/or crossing lines
clear, detailed brand image


Halftone Gravure Printing (abbreviated RaTdr.)
Halftone rotogravure is also called etching rotogravure or Ra-cel rotogravure. In contrast to StTdr., the drawing is transferred photographically onto a copper plate. The oldest form of intaglio printing is heliogravure or photogravure.
Before the negative drawing is applied using pigment paper, a layer of asphalt or resin dust is melted onto the copper plate as a grid of grains. The plate is etched through the pigment paper in several steps, thus forming depressions.
The halftone gravure printing in use today is a white development of heliogravure. Here, the screen and the drawing are transferred to the pigment paper by exposure in two steps. This is developed on the printing cylinder. The subsequent etching process creates the depressions.

The actual printing process is identical for heliogravure and halftone gravure: the depressions are filled with thin ink and excess ink is wiped off with a doctor blade. The ink is absorbed by the pressed-on paper and, unlike the StTdr.

Since the paper is not as moist as the StTdr., differences in size of the brand image are hardly noticeable.

Sawtooth effect on lines, fonts and image edges Screen dots of approximately the same size with frequent colour weakening towards the centre of the screen dot
Brand image appears blurred in the enlargement, high colour intensity possible, large tonal range, pearly expression in many places (colour flow structure)


SOURCE : MICHEL CATALOG

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gerom

21 Jan 2020
04:20:18pm
re: For people who do not know German

hello,
Many, many thanks HockeyNut
From English to Romanian “Google translate” is clear.
I spent several hours checking on stamps with different types of printing.
Steindruck (Stdr.) was also used on the stamps of the Old German States.
Please translate only the recognition elements of this type of printing.
Thousands of thanks.

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Author/Postings
gerom

16 Jan 2020
08:56:00am

I found this site with translate of philatelic terms

https://austrianphilately.com/german.htm


Mod. Fixed link.

(Modified by Moderator on 2020-01-20 06:36:07)

Like 
2 Members
like this post.
Login to Like.
Members Picture
tooler

16 Jan 2020
11:00:34am

re: For people who do not know German

Very nice. This will be very helpful to me, thanks for posting.

Like
Login to Like
this post
Members Picture
HockeyNut

20 Jan 2020
06:30:52am

re: For people who do not know German

Well I have the MICHEL introduction_english.PDF but How can I post this here?

Like
Login to Like
this post
Members Picture
angore

Collector, Moderator
20 Jan 2020
06:37:02am

re: For people who do not know German

To post something from a PDF you can convert the PDF page to a jpg image then post subject to the usual SOR image size restrictions.

Like
Login to Like
this post

"Stamp Collecting is a many splendored thing"
Members Picture
Jansimon

20 Jan 2020
06:39:01am

Auctions - Approvals

re: For people who do not know German

The Michel introduction is a free download from the Michel website. So there is no need to post it here, just follow this link.

Like 
2 Members
like this post.
Login to Like.

www.pagowirense.nl/s ...
gerom

20 Jan 2020
07:04:02am

re: For people who do not know German

Hello HockeyNut
I found to download free this introduction in English and French.
The translation is much simplified especially in the Chapter on Printing Methods.
It would be very helpful if you could translate the description of these printing methods (recognition elements are described as well) which in English / French variants do not appear.

Like
Login to Like
this post
Members Picture
HockeyNut

21 Jan 2020
03:19:05am

re: For people who do not know German

Hello Gerom,

I have tried to translate that piece from the MICHEL catalog.
I'm not an expert in the printing processes so maybe it has some flaws in the translation.
But I DO NOT have the little pictures that are shown in the catalog.

See the next post of the translating.

Like
Login to Like
this post
Members Picture
HockeyNut

21 Jan 2020
03:20:53am

re: For people who do not know German

Printing process
Basically there are these differentiates: Letterpress (letterpress, flexographic printing, embossing), indirect letterpress (letterset), planographic printing (lithography, offset, collotype), gravure printing (intaglio, screen gravure) and screen printing.
Combinations of two different printing processes are relatively common.



Letterpress Letterset


High pressure

Letterpress (abbreviated Bdr.)
The letterpress form has raised (the printing) and lower (non-printing) parts. The raised printing elements are uniformly inked and then pressed against the paper with relatively high pressure. This results in the following distinguishing features:
Pinched edges on lettering and lines
Coloured areas appear restlessly under the magnifying glass mostly slight embossing visible on the back

Embossed printing (abbreviated to Prägedr. Or Pdr.)
For the brand image to be produced, two matching printing forms are produced, one with the embossed image raised, the other with a recessed image. During the printing process, the paper lies between the two forms, which are pressed against each other with high pressure and thus transfer the embossing onto the paper.
Embossing almost always occurs in combination with other printing processes. Recognition feature: positive relief on the front side, negative relief on the back side.


Indirect high pressure

Letterset (abbreviated Ldr.)
Indirect letterpress printing is also called letterset or dry offset. The difference to conventional letterpress is that here the printing is not done directly from the printing plate onto the paper. The letterpress plate prints on a cylinder covered with a rubber blanket. From there the print motif is transferred to the paper. The typeface of the printing plate must be correct. This transfer process is also common in offset printing. Distinguishing features:
as with offset printing.

Planographic printing
In planographic printing, printing and non-printing areas are almost on the same level. The printing areas are prepared in such a way that they repel water and thus absorb the greasy printing ink, while the non-printing areas are water-friendly and repel ink. This contrast between grease and water is the basis for the printing process. The more it is possible to increase this contrast, the easier and better the subsequent printing process will be.

Light printing (abbreviated as Lichtdr.)
In collotype printing (also photo-typical), the printing plate consists of a glass plate coated with a gelatine chrome layer, which is exposed with a half-tone negative (on the correct side). The gelatine is hardened to varying degrees according to the tonal values and then moistened, forming a relief on the plate. The unexposed areas repel the printing ink, exposed areas accept it.
A characteristic feature of collotype printing is the so-called "light effect" that can be seen under a magnifying glass. Wrinkled grain, which replaces the screen, produces a blurred image when enlarged.
Light printing Lithography Offset printing


Offset printing (abbreviated Odr.)
Flexible metal plates are used as printing carriers, which are clamped around the impression cylinders. Printing is carried out on the paper via blanket cylinders. Offset printing is therefore an indirect printing process, the drawing on the plate must be correct.
Halftones must be screened. The screen simulates different tonal values by using dots of different sizes. Bright image areas (light tonal values) are formed by small dots, dark ones by large ones.
Since the offset process does not place great demands on paper quality and allows very fast processing, it has replaced letterpress for mass runs, especially in multicolor printing. Distinguishing features:
Evenly inked colored areas
clean, not frayed, not bruised edges
no embossing visible on the reverse side
halftone gradation
Screen dots of different sizes but with the same colour intensity



COMB. STTdr. and RATDR. KOMB. STTDR. and ODR.

Intaglio
In gravure printing, the printing ink is transferred to the deeper parts of the image via inking rollers, whereby the ink adhering to the surface of the cylinder is removed by a wiping device (doctor blade). The paper web takes over the ink from the recesses of the printing cylinder.




Intaglio Intaglio halftone printing


Intaglio printing (abbreviated StTdr.)
In copperplate engraving - the oldest technique of intaglio printing - the drawing is engraved into a copper plate with a graver, in steelplate engraving into a steel plate.
After hardening the plate, the recessed mark is transferred to a piece of round steel (molette). The stamp image is then embossed in relief. The hardened molette is transferred to the impression cylinder, which is coated with a (soft) copper layer and hardened by chrome plating. The image appears recessed and reversed on the impression cylinder.
During the printing process, the viscous ink is absorbed by the pressed-on damp absorbent paper and dries slightly raised. The contraction of the drying paper often results in measurable differences in size of the brand image.
The scraping technique - called mezzotint - makes use of the engraving steel and additionally makes small depressions in the plate; this was the first technique with half-tone reproduction.
Intaglio is the preferred technique for brand images that require particularly careful finishing of every detail of the image; because of its cost, it is usually used for the higher denominations, but it also offers the greatest possible protection against forgery to the detriment of the postal service. The distinguishing features are:
Colour application as relief noticeable
Drawing consists of fine lines and points Colour areas are achieved by closely spaced and/or crossing lines
clear, detailed brand image


Halftone Gravure Printing (abbreviated RaTdr.)
Halftone rotogravure is also called etching rotogravure or Ra-cel rotogravure. In contrast to StTdr., the drawing is transferred photographically onto a copper plate. The oldest form of intaglio printing is heliogravure or photogravure.
Before the negative drawing is applied using pigment paper, a layer of asphalt or resin dust is melted onto the copper plate as a grid of grains. The plate is etched through the pigment paper in several steps, thus forming depressions.
The halftone gravure printing in use today is a white development of heliogravure. Here, the screen and the drawing are transferred to the pigment paper by exposure in two steps. This is developed on the printing cylinder. The subsequent etching process creates the depressions.

The actual printing process is identical for heliogravure and halftone gravure: the depressions are filled with thin ink and excess ink is wiped off with a doctor blade. The ink is absorbed by the pressed-on paper and, unlike the StTdr.

Since the paper is not as moist as the StTdr., differences in size of the brand image are hardly noticeable.

Sawtooth effect on lines, fonts and image edges Screen dots of approximately the same size with frequent colour weakening towards the centre of the screen dot
Brand image appears blurred in the enlargement, high colour intensity possible, large tonal range, pearly expression in many places (colour flow structure)


SOURCE : MICHEL CATALOG

Like 
3 Members
like this post.
Login to Like.
gerom

21 Jan 2020
04:20:18pm

re: For people who do not know German

hello,
Many, many thanks HockeyNut
From English to Romanian “Google translate” is clear.
I spent several hours checking on stamps with different types of printing.
Steindruck (Stdr.) was also used on the stamps of the Old German States.
Please translate only the recognition elements of this type of printing.
Thousands of thanks.

Like
Login to Like
this post
        

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